Civil Rights Movement, African American Women--Africana Library, Cornell University

Civil Rights Movement, African American Women

(http://www.library.cornell.edu/africana/guides/crmwomen.html)

Compiled by Eric Kofi Acree, Librarian

Books:

Historical Overview:

Cole, Johnnetta B. Gender Talk: The Struggle for Women's Equality in African American Communities. New York: One World/Ballantine Books, 2003.

Collins, Patricia Hill. Fighting Words: Black Women and the Search for Justice. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998.

Fitzgerald, Tracey A. The National Council of Negro Women and the Feminist Movement, 1935-1975. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1985.

Giddings, Paula. When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America. Toronto; New York: Bantam Books, 1985.

Guinier, Lani. Lift Every Voice: Turning a Civil Rights Setback Into a New Vision of Social Justice. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998.

Kohl, Herbert. She Would Not Be Moved: How We Tell the Story of Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott. New York: The New Press, 2005.

McWhorter, Diane. A Dream of Freedom: The Civil Rights Movement From 1954 to 1968. New York: Scholastic, 2004.

Ross, Rosetta E. Witnessing and Testifying: Black Women, Religion, and Civil Rights. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003.

White, Deborah G. Too Heavy a Load: Black Women in Defense of Themselves, 1894-1994. New York: W.W. Norton, 1999.

Williams, Evelyn. Inadmissible Evidence: The Story of the African-American Trial Lawyer who Defended the Black Liberation Army. Chicago, Ill.: Lawrence Hill Books, 1993.

Autobiographies/Memoirs:

Bethune, Mary McLeod. Mary McLeod Bethune: Building a Better World: Essays and Selected Documents. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999.

Brown, Elaine. A Taste of Power: A Black Women’s Story. New York: Pantheon Books, 1992.

Clark, Septima Poinsette. Echo in My Soul. New York: Dutton, 1962.

_____. Ready From Within: Septima Clark and The Civil Rights Movement. Navarro, CA: Wild Trees Press, 1986.

Height, Dorothy I. Open Wide The Freedom Gates: A Memoir. New York: PublicAffairs, 2003.

Kennedy, Florynce. Color Me Flo: My Hard Life and Good Times. Englewood Cliff, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1976.

King, Coretta Scott. My Life with Martin Luther King, Jr. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969.

Parks, Rosa (with Greogory J. Reed). Quiet Strength: The Faith, The Hope, and The Heart of a Woman Who Changed a Nation. Grand Rapids, Mich: Zondervan Publishing House, 1994.

Robinson, Jo Ann Gibson. The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It: The Memoir of Jo Ann Gibson Robinson. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1987.

Shabazz, Betty. Betty Shabazz: A Sisterfriends’ Tribute in Words and Pictures. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998.

Shakur, Assata. Assata, An Autobiography. Westport, CT: L. Hill, 1987.

Stewart, Maria W. America's First Black Woman Political Writer: Essays and Speeches. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987.

Terrell, Mary Church. A Colored Woman in a White World. New York: G.K. Hall; London: Prentice Hall International, 1996.

Till-Mobley, Mamie. Death of Innocence: The Story of the Hate Crime that Changed America. New York: Random House, 2003.

Washington, Margaret, ed. The Narrative of Sojourner Truth. New York: Vintage Books, 1993.

Wells-Barnett, Ida. Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.

______. Selected Works of Ida B. Wells-Barnett. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

_____ and Jane Addams. Lynching and Rape: An Exchange of Views. New York: American Institute for Marxist Studies, 1977.

Biographies:

Allen, Zita. Black Women Leaders of the Civil Rights Movement. New York: Franklin Watts, 1996.

Brinkley, Douglas. Rosa Parks. New York: Viking, 2000.

Coddon, Karin, ed. Black Women Activists. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004.

Collier-Thomas, Bettye and V.P. Franklin, eds. Sisters in the Struggle: African American Women in the Civil Rights-Black Power Movement. New York: New York University Press, 2001.

Crawford, Vicki L., Jacqueline Anne Rouse, and Barbara Woods, eds. Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Trailblazers. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Carlson Pub., 1990.

Fleming, Cynthia Griggs. Soon We Will Not Cry: The Liberation of Ruby Doris Smith Robinson. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998.

Fradin, Dennis B. Fight On!: Mary Church Terrell's Battle For Integration. New York: Clarion Books, 2003.

Fradin, Dennis B. and Judith Bloom Fradin. Ida B. Wells: Mother of the Civil Rights Movement. New York: Clarion Books, 2000.

Friese, Kai. Rosa Parks: The Movement Organizes. New York: Silver Burdett Press, 1990.

Grant, Joanne. Ella Baker: Freedom Bound. New York: Wiley, 1998.

Hanson, Joyce Ann. Mary McLeod Bethune & Black Women's Political Activism. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2003.

Jones, Beverly Washington. Quest for Equality: The Life and Writings of Mary Eliza Church Terrell, 1863-1954. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Carlson Pub., 1990.

Lee, Chana Kai. For freedom's Sake: The Life of Fannie Lou Hamer. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999.

Robnett, Belinda. How long? How long?: African American Women in the Struggle for Civil Rights. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Ransby, Barbara. Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement: A Radical democratic Vision. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.

Schechter, Patricia Ann. Ida B. Wells-Barnett and American Reform, 1880-1930. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.

Articles:

Atwater, Deborah F. "The Voices of African American Women in the Civil Rights Movement." Journal of Black Studies, v.26, no.5 (May, 1996): 539-542.

Barnett, Bernice McNair. "Invisible Southern Black-Women Leaders In The Civil-Rights Movement - The Triple Constraints Of Gender, Race, And Class." Gender & Society, v.7, no.2 (June 1993): 162-182.

Calloway-Thomas, Carolyn; Thurmon Garner. "Daisy Bates and the Little Rock School Crisis: Forging the Way." Journal of Black Studies, v.26, no.5. (May, 1996): 616-628.

Elliott, Aprele. "Ella Baker: Free Agent in the Civil Rights Movement." Journal of Black Studies, v.26, no.5 (May 1996): 593-603.

Foeman, Anita K. "Gloria Richardson: Breaking the Mold." Journal of Black Studies, v.26, no.5 (May 1996): 604-615.

Grant, Joanne. "Godmother of the Student Movement: Civil Rights Organizer Ella Baker Worked with the NAACP and the SCLC, But Found Her Calling Helping SNCC Youth." The New Crisis, v.108, no.4 (July/August 2001): 38-41.

Gyant, LaVerne. "Passing the Torch: African American Women in the Civil Rights Movement." Journal of Black Studies, v26, no.5 (May, 1996): 629-647.

Hamlet, Janice D. "Fannie Lou Hamer: The Unquenchable Spirit of the Civil Rights Movement." Journal of Black Studies, v.26, n.5 (May, 1996): 560-576.

LaVerne Gyant; Deborah F. Atwater. "Septima Clark's Rhetorical and Ethnic Legacy: Her Message of Citizenship in the Civil Rights Movement." Journal of Black Studies, v.26, no.5 (May, 1996): 577-592.

Millner, Sandra Y. "Recasting Civil Rights Leadership: Gloria Richardson and the Cambridge Movement." Journal of Black Studies, v.26, no.6. (July, 1996): 668-687.

Nance, Teresa A. "Hearing the Missing Voice." Journal of Black Studies, v.26, no.6. (July, 1996): 543-559.

Robnett, Belinda. "African-American Women in the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-1965: Gender, Leadership, and Micromobilization." The American Journal of Sociology, v.101, no.6 (May 1996): 1661-1693.

Simon, John J. "Ella Baker, Who Would Not Rest for Freedom." Monthly Review, v.50, no.6 (November 1998): 45-51.

Speeches:

Evers-Williams, Myrlie. “Address at the 88th Annual Convention of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.” Vital Issues: The Journal of African American Speeches, v.7, no.2 (1997): 41-45.

Guinier, Lani. "Seeking a Conversation on Race." Ripples of Hope: Greate American Civil Rights Speeches, Josh Gottheimer, ed. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2003: 417-420.

Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins. "We Are All Bound Up Together." Ripples of Hope: Greate American Civil Rights Speeches, Josh Gottheimer, ed. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2003: 83-86.

_____. "Women's Political Future." Ripples of Hope: Greate American Civil Rights Speeches, Josh Gottheimer, ed. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2003: 125-128.

Height, Dorothy. “Remarks at The Million Woman March.” Vital Issues: The Journal of African American Speeches, v.7, no.4 (1997): 11-12.

King, Coretta Scott. “Address at the SCLC Annual Convention.” Vital Issues: The Journal of African American Speeches, v.7, no. 1 (1997): 65-66.

_____. “Press Statement on the Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.” Vital Issues: The Journal of African American Speeches, v.7, no. 4 (1997): 7.

Parks, Rosa. “Remarks at the Million Man March.” Vital Issues: The Journal of African American Speeches, v.7, no. 1 (1997): 85.

_____. “Remarks at The Million Woman March.” Vital Issues: The Journal of African American Speeches, v.7, no. 4 (1997): 18.

Ruffin, Josephine St. Pierre. "A Call for Black Women." Ripples of Hope: Greate American Civil Rights Speeches, Josh Gottheimer, ed. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2003: 129-131.

Shabazz, Betty. “Commencement Address.” Vital Issues: The Journal of African American Speeches, v.7, no. 1 (1997): 90-93.

Souljah, Sister. "We Are at War." Ripples of Hope: Greate American Civil Rights Speeches, Josh Gottheimer, ed. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2003: 427-434.

Stewart, Maria W. "An Address to the African Masonic Hall." Ripples of Hope: Greate American Civil Rights Speeches, Josh Gottheimer, ed. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2003: 14-18.

Terrell, Mary Church. "The Progress of Colored Women." Ripples of Hope: Greate American Civil Rights Speeches, Josh Gottheimer, ed. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2003: 142-145.

Truth, Sojourner. "Ar'n't I a Woman?" Ripples of Hope: Greate American Civil Rights Speeches, Josh Gottheimer, ed. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2003: 43-44.

Interviews:

Allen, Erna Dungee. The Walking City: The Montogomery Bus Boycott, 1955-1956. David Garrow, ed. Brooklyn, New York: Carlson Publishing Inc. (1989): 521-25.

Baker, Ella. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: The Growth of Radicalism in a Civil Rights Organization. Brooklyn, New York: Carlson Publishing Inc. (1989): 265-72.

Hamer, Fannie Lou. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: The Growth of Radicalism in a Civil Rights Organization. Brooklyn, New York: Carlson Publishing Inc. (1989): 305-08.

Parks, Rosa. The Walking City: The Montogomery Bus Boycott, 1955-1956. David Garrow, ed. Brooklyn, New York: Carlson Publishing Inc. (1989): 553-67.

Robinson, Jo Ann. The Walking City: The Montogomery Bus Boycott, 1955-1956. David Garrow, ed. Brooklyn, New York: Carlson Publishing Inc. (1989):569-73.

Videos/DVDs:

4 Little Girls. New York: HBO Home Video, 1998. 1 videocassette (102 min.)
The Birmingham Campaign was launched in 1963. The 16th St. Baptist Church was close to the downtown area, it was an ideal location to hold rallies and meetings. On Sunday morning, Sept. 15, 1963, dynamite planted by the Ku Klux Klan, exploded in the building...under the fallen debris the bodies of [four] girls were found--Denise McNair, Addie Mae Collins, Carole Robertson and Cynthia Wesley died because of the color of their skin. (container)

Boycott. Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 2002. 1 videodisc (113 min.)
When Rosa Parks was arrested in 1955 for refusing to give up her seat on the bus to a white man, the Reverend Martin Luther King was but a modest young Baptist minister suddenly thrust into the leadership of local bus boycott. What started as a one-day protest of unfair bus laws turned into the 381-day boycott that gave birth to the civil rights movement. (container)

"Fundi": The Story of Ella Baker. New York, N.Y.: First Run/Icarus Films, 1986. 1 videocassette (63 min.) + 1 discussion guide (26 p. : ill. ; 22 cm.)
Shows the work of Ella Baker, a little-known organizer in the civil rights movement of the past fifty years. She served in the NAACP, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, often when women were not always given equal status within these organizations. (container)

Ida B. Wells: A Passion for Justice. New York, NY: William Greaves Productions, 1989. 1 videocassette (53 min.)
Chronicles the life of Ida B. Wells, an early Afro-American activist who protested lynchings, unfair treatment of Afro-American soldiers, and other examples of racism and injustice toward Afro-Americans around the turn of the century. (container)

Mighty Times: The Legacy of Rosa Parks. Montgomery, Ala: Teaching Tolerance, 2002. 1 videocassette (40 min.)
On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks sparked a revolution by sitting still. Her simple act of defiance aganist racial segregation on city buses inspried the African American community of Montgomery, Ala., to unite against segregations who ran City Hall. Over the course of a year, the Montgomery Bus Boycott would test the endurance of the peaceful protestors, overturn an unjust law, and create a legacy of "migty times." (container)

A Place of Rage. New York: Women Make Movies, 1991. 1 videocassette (52 min.)
June Jordan, Angela Davis, Alice Walker, and others reflect on the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960's and the role played by Afro-American women in both politics and the arts during and since that time. (container)

The Rosa Parks Story. Santa Monica, CA: Xenon Pictures, 2003 1 videodisc (100 min.)
The incident that propelled the American Civil Rights struggle into the limelight was brought about by a woman who refused to give up her seat to a white woman after a hard day at work. Rosa Parks (played by Angela Bassett from What Love Got to do With It) unwittedly became a national focus for a growing movement, and she bravely faced down an angry city, a racist population and a set of unjust laws to bring about justice. (container)

The Songs Are Free. New York, NY: Mystic Fire Video, 1991. 1 videocassette (58 min.)
Traces the history of communal singing and the repertoire rooted in the Black church--from songs of resistance, courage, and pride to songs of determination and faith--and explores their roles from the Underground Railroad through the Civil Rights movement and into the 90s. (container)

Strange Fruit. San Francisco, Calif.: California Newsreel, 2002. 1 videocassette (58 min.)
A documentary exploring the history and legacy of the anti-lynching protest song made famous by Billie Holiday. The film examines the history of lynching, the courage of those who fought for racial justice, and the interplay of race, labor and the left and popular culture as forces that would give rise to the Civil Rights Movement. It also presents the story of the composer Lewis Allan, a Jewish schoolteacher and union activist from the Bronx who wrote the poem and later set it to music. (container)

Web Sites:

Brown vs. Board of Education Bibliography (http://www.arl.org/diversity/naacp.html)
The Association of Research Libraries (ARL) and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) have collaborated to put together a comprehensive bibliography on the historic 1954 Supreme Court ruling Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka. The Supreme Court ruled unanimously that the doctrine of "separate but equal" was unconstitutional.

The Civil Rights Era (http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart9.html)

Here exhibits from historic archives explain how the black community experienced this postwar period with desegregation, legal victories, and protest marches.

Greensboro Sit-Ins (http://www.sitins.com/index.shtml)
Created by News & Record, and the Greensboro (North Carolina) Public Library, this web site provides a historical overview of the sit-ins that took place at F.W. Woolworth’s lunch counter by the “Greensboro Four” on February 1, 1960. At the time these African American freshmen attended the Negro Agricultural & Technical College in North Carolina on academic scholarship. One of their goals was to integrate Woolworth’s lunch counter. The site includes a timeline of events has they unfolded has well as a timeline of other important events in the Civil Rights movement. Almost 100 audio clips from those who took part in the sit-ins are linked within the site. It also provides photo and video clips with current online newspaper articles about the sit-ins.

Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self-Development (http://www.rosaparks.org/)
The official web site of the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self-Development. This organization was co-founded in 1987 by Rosa Parks and Elaine Eason Steele, in honor of Rosa Parks' husband Raymond Parks (1903-1977). In part, its mission is to motivate young people between the ages of 11-17, to reach their full potential.

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (http://www.ibiblio.org/sncc/)
This web site provides the user with a glimpse into the formation of the Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee (SNCC) over a six year period (1960-1966). The authors of the site provide information on important events that SNCC participated in during its early days. It also gives brief biographical information on the leadership of SNCC.


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		Print This Page Civil Rights Movement, African American Women (http://www.library.cornell.edu/africana/guides/crmwomen.html) Compiled by Eric Kofi Acree, Librarian Books \| Articles \| Speeches \| Interviews \| Videos \| Web Sites Books: Historical Overview: Cole, Johnnetta B. Gender Talk: The Struggle for Women's Equality in African American Communities. New York: One World/Ballantine Books, 2003. Collins, Patricia Hill. Fighting Words: Black Women and the Search for Justice. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998. Fitzgerald, Tracey A. The National Council of Negro Women and the Feminist Movement, 1935-1975. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1985. Giddings, Paula. When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America. Toronto; New York: Bantam Books, 1985. Guinier, Lani. Lift Every Voice: Turning a Civil Rights Setback Into a New Vision of Social Justice. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998. Kohl, Herbert. She Would Not Be Moved: How We Tell the Story of Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott. New York: The New Press, 2005. McWhorter, Diane. A Dream of Freedom: The Civil Rights Movement From 1954 to 1968. New York: Scholastic, 2004. Ross, Rosetta E. Witnessing and Testifying: Black Women, Religion, and Civil Rights. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003. White, Deborah G. Too Heavy a Load: Black Women in Defense of Themselves, 1894-1994. New York: W.W. Norton, 1999. Williams, Evelyn. Inadmissible Evidence: The Story of the African-American Trial Lawyer who Defended the Black Liberation Army. Chicago, Ill.: Lawrence Hill Books, 1993. Autobiographies/Memoirs: Bethune, Mary McLeod. Mary McLeod Bethune: Building a Better World: Essays and Selected Documents. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999. Brown, Elaine. A Taste of Power: A Black Women’s Story. New York: Pantheon Books, 1992. Clark, Septima Poinsette. Echo in My Soul. New York: Dutton, 1962. _____. Ready From Within: Septima Clark and The Civil Rights Movement. Navarro, CA: Wild Trees Press, 1986. Height, Dorothy I. Open Wide The Freedom Gates: A Memoir. New York: PublicAffairs, 2003. Kennedy, Florynce. Color Me Flo: My Hard Life and Good Times. Englewood Cliff, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1976. King, Coretta Scott. My Life with Martin Luther King, Jr. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969. Parks, Rosa (with Greogory J. Reed). Quiet Strength: The Faith, The Hope, and The Heart of a Woman Who Changed a Nation. Grand Rapids, Mich: Zondervan Publishing House, 1994. Robinson, Jo Ann Gibson. The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It: The Memoir of Jo Ann Gibson Robinson. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1987. Shabazz, Betty. Betty Shabazz: A Sisterfriends’ Tribute in Words and Pictures. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998. Shakur, Assata. Assata, An Autobiography. Westport, CT: L. Hill, 1987. Stewart, Maria W. America's First Black Woman Political Writer: Essays and Speeches. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987. Terrell, Mary Church. A Colored Woman in a White World. New York: G.K. Hall; London: Prentice Hall International, 1996. Till-Mobley, Mamie. Death of Innocence: The Story of the Hate Crime that Changed America. New York: Random House, 2003. Washington, Margaret, ed. The Narrative of Sojourner Truth. New York: Vintage Books, 1993. Wells-Barnett, Ida. Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970. ______. Selected Works of Ida B. Wells-Barnett. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. _____ and Jane Addams. Lynching and Rape: An Exchange of Views. New York: American Institute for Marxist Studies, 1977. Biographies: Allen, Zita. Black Women Leaders of the Civil Rights Movement. New York: Franklin Watts, 1996. Brinkley, Douglas. Rosa Parks. New York: Viking, 2000. Coddon, Karin, ed. Black Women Activists. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004. Collier-Thomas, Bettye and V.P. Franklin, eds. Sisters in the Struggle: African American Women in the Civil Rights-Black Power Movement. New York: New York University Press, 2001. Crawford, Vicki L., Jacqueline Anne Rouse, and Barbara Woods, eds. Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Trailblazers. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Carlson Pub., 1990. Fleming, Cynthia Griggs. Soon We Will Not Cry: The Liberation of Ruby Doris Smith Robinson. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998. Fradin, Dennis B. Fight On!: Mary Church Terrell's Battle For Integration. New York: Clarion Books, 2003. Fradin, Dennis B. and Judith Bloom Fradin. Ida B. Wells: Mother of the Civil Rights Movement. New York: Clarion Books, 2000. Friese, Kai. Rosa Parks: The Movement Organizes. New York: Silver Burdett Press, 1990. Grant, Joanne. Ella Baker: Freedom Bound. New York: Wiley, 1998. Hanson, Joyce Ann. Mary McLeod Bethune & Black Women's Political Activism. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2003. Jones, Beverly Washington. Quest for Equality: The Life and Writings of Mary Eliza Church Terrell, 1863-1954. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Carlson Pub., 1990. Lee, Chana Kai. For freedom's Sake: The Life of Fannie Lou Hamer. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999. Robnett, Belinda. How long? How long?: African American Women in the Struggle for Civil Rights. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Ransby, Barbara. Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement: A Radical democratic Vision. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003. Schechter, Patricia Ann. Ida B. Wells-Barnett and American Reform, 1880-1930. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001. Articles: Atwater, Deborah F. "The Voices of African American Women in the Civil Rights Movement." Journal of Black Studies, v.26, no.5 (May, 1996): 539-542. Barnett, Bernice McNair. "Invisible Southern Black-Women Leaders In The Civil-Rights Movement - The Triple Constraints Of Gender, Race, And Class." Gender & Society, v.7, no.2 (June 1993): 162-182. Calloway-Thomas, Carolyn; Thurmon Garner. "Daisy Bates and the Little Rock School Crisis: Forging the Way." Journal of Black Studies, v.26, no.5. (May, 1996): 616-628. Elliott, Aprele. "Ella Baker: Free Agent in the Civil Rights Movement." Journal of Black Studies, v.26, no.5 (May 1996): 593-603. Foeman, Anita K. "Gloria Richardson: Breaking the Mold." Journal of Black Studies, v.26, no.5 (May 1996): 604-615. Grant, Joanne. "Godmother of the Student Movement: Civil Rights Organizer Ella Baker Worked with the NAACP and the SCLC, But Found Her Calling Helping SNCC Youth." The New Crisis, v.108, no.4 (July/August 2001): 38-41. Gyant, LaVerne. "Passing the Torch: African American Women in the Civil Rights Movement." Journal of Black Studies, v26, no.5 (May, 1996): 629-647. Hamlet, Janice D. "Fannie Lou Hamer: The Unquenchable Spirit of the Civil Rights Movement." Journal of Black Studies, v.26, n.5 (May, 1996): 560-576. LaVerne Gyant; Deborah F. Atwater. "Septima Clark's Rhetorical and Ethnic Legacy: Her Message of Citizenship in the Civil Rights Movement." Journal of Black Studies, v.26, no.5 (May, 1996): 577-592. Millner, Sandra Y. "Recasting Civil Rights Leadership: Gloria Richardson and the Cambridge Movement." Journal of Black Studies, v.26, no.6. (July, 1996): 668-687. Nance, Teresa A. "Hearing the Missing Voice." Journal of Black Studies, v.26, no.6. (July, 1996): 543-559. Robnett, Belinda. "African-American Women in the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-1965: Gender, Leadership, and Micromobilization." The American Journal of Sociology, v.101, no.6 (May 1996): 1661-1693. Simon, John J. "Ella Baker, Who Would Not Rest for Freedom." Monthly Review, v.50, no.6 (November 1998): 45-51. Speeches: Evers-Williams, Myrlie. “Address at the 88th Annual Convention of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.” Vital Issues: The Journal of African American Speeches, v.7, no.2 (1997): 41-45. Guinier, Lani. "Seeking a Conversation on Race." Ripples of Hope: Greate American Civil Rights Speeches, Josh Gottheimer, ed. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2003: 417-420. Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins. "We Are All Bound Up Together." Ripples of Hope: Greate American Civil Rights Speeches, Josh Gottheimer, ed. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2003: 83-86. _____. "Women's Political Future." Ripples of Hope: Greate American Civil Rights Speeches, Josh Gottheimer, ed. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2003: 125-128. Height, Dorothy. “Remarks at The Million Woman March.” Vital Issues: The Journal of African American Speeches, v.7, no.4 (1997): 11-12. King, Coretta Scott. “Address at the SCLC Annual Convention.” Vital Issues: The Journal of African American Speeches, v.7, no. 1 (1997): 65-66. _____. “Press Statement on the Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.” Vital Issues: The Journal of African American Speeches, v.7, no. 4 (1997): 7. Parks, Rosa. “Remarks at the Million Man March.” Vital Issues: The Journal of African American Speeches, v.7, no. 1 (1997): 85. _____. “Remarks at The Million Woman March.” Vital Issues: The Journal of African American Speeches, v.7, no. 4 (1997): 18. Ruffin, Josephine St. Pierre. "A Call for Black Women." Ripples of Hope: Greate American Civil Rights Speeches, Josh Gottheimer, ed. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2003: 129-131. Shabazz, Betty. “Commencement Address.” Vital Issues: The Journal of African American Speeches, v.7, no. 1 (1997): 90-93. Souljah, Sister. "We Are at War." Ripples of Hope: Greate American Civil Rights Speeches, Josh Gottheimer, ed. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2003: 427-434. Stewart, Maria W. "An Address to the African Masonic Hall." Ripples of Hope: Greate American Civil Rights Speeches, Josh Gottheimer, ed. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2003: 14-18. Terrell, Mary Church. "The Progress of Colored Women." Ripples of Hope: Greate American Civil Rights Speeches, Josh Gottheimer, ed. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2003: 142-145. Truth, Sojourner. "Ar'n't I a Woman?" Ripples of Hope: Greate American Civil Rights Speeches, Josh Gottheimer, ed. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2003: 43-44. Interviews: Allen, Erna Dungee. The Walking City: The Montogomery Bus Boycott, 1955-1956. David Garrow, ed. Brooklyn, New York: Carlson Publishing Inc. (1989): 521-25. Baker, Ella. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: The Growth of Radicalism in a Civil Rights Organization. Brooklyn, New York: Carlson Publishing Inc. (1989): 265-72. Hamer, Fannie Lou. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: The Growth of Radicalism in a Civil Rights Organization. Brooklyn, New York: Carlson Publishing Inc. (1989): 305-08. Parks, Rosa. The Walking City: The Montogomery Bus Boycott, 1955-1956. David Garrow, ed. Brooklyn, New York: Carlson Publishing Inc. (1989): 553-67. Robinson, Jo Ann. The Walking City: The Montogomery Bus Boycott, 1955-1956. David Garrow, ed. Brooklyn, New York: Carlson Publishing Inc. (1989):569-73. Videos/DVDs: 4 Little Girls. New York: HBO Home Video, 1998. 1 videocassette (102 min.) The Birmingham Campaign was launched in 1963. The 16th St. Baptist Church was close to the downtown area, it was an ideal location to hold rallies and meetings. On Sunday morning, Sept. 15, 1963, dynamite planted by the Ku Klux Klan, exploded in the building...under the fallen debris the bodies of [four] girls were found--Denise McNair, Addie Mae Collins, Carole Robertson and Cynthia Wesley died because of the color of their skin. (container) Boycott. Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 2002. 1 videodisc (113 min.) When Rosa Parks was arrested in 1955 for refusing to give up her seat on the bus to a white man, the Reverend Martin Luther King was but a modest young Baptist minister suddenly thrust into the leadership of local bus boycott. What started as a one-day protest of unfair bus laws turned into the 381-day boycott that gave birth to the civil rights movement. (container) "Fundi": The Story of Ella Baker. New York, N.Y.: First Run/Icarus Films, 1986. 1 videocassette (63 min.) + 1 discussion guide (26 p. : ill. ; 22 cm.) Shows the work of Ella Baker, a little-known organizer in the civil rights movement of the past fifty years. She served in the NAACP, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, often when women were not always given equal status within these organizations. (container) Ida B. Wells: A Passion for Justice. New York, NY: William Greaves Productions, 1989. 1 videocassette (53 min.) Chronicles the life of Ida B. Wells, an early Afro-American activist who protested lynchings, unfair treatment of Afro-American soldiers, and other examples of racism and injustice toward Afro-Americans around the turn of the century. (container) Mighty Times: The Legacy of Rosa Parks. Montgomery, Ala: Teaching Tolerance, 2002. 1 videocassette (40 min.) On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks sparked a revolution by sitting still. Her simple act of defiance aganist racial segregation on city buses inspried the African American community of Montgomery, Ala., to unite against segregations who ran City Hall. Over the course of a year, the Montgomery Bus Boycott would test the endurance of the peaceful protestors, overturn an unjust law, and create a legacy of "migty times." (container) A Place of Rage. New York: Women Make Movies, 1991. 1 videocassette (52 min.) June Jordan, Angela Davis, Alice Walker, and others reflect on the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960's and the role played by Afro-American women in both politics and the arts during and since that time. (container) The Rosa Parks Story. Santa Monica, CA: Xenon Pictures, 2003 1 videodisc (100 min.) The incident that propelled the American Civil Rights struggle into the limelight was brought about by a woman who refused to give up her seat to a white woman after a hard day at work. Rosa Parks (played by Angela Bassett from What Love Got to do With It) unwittedly became a national focus for a growing movement, and she bravely faced down an angry city, a racist population and a set of unjust laws to bring about justice. (container) The Songs Are Free. New York, NY: Mystic Fire Video, 1991. 1 videocassette (58 min.) Traces the history of communal singing and the repertoire rooted in the Black church--from songs of resistance, courage, and pride to songs of determination and faith--and explores their roles from the Underground Railroad through the Civil Rights movement and into the 90s. (container) Strange Fruit. San Francisco, Calif.: California Newsreel, 2002. 1 videocassette (58 min.) A documentary exploring the history and legacy of the anti-lynching protest song made famous by Billie Holiday. The film examines the history of lynching, the courage of those who fought for racial justice, and the interplay of race, labor and the left and popular culture as forces that would give rise to the Civil Rights Movement. It also presents the story of the composer Lewis Allan, a Jewish schoolteacher and union activist from the Bronx who wrote the poem and later set it to music. (container) Web Sites: Brown vs. Board of Education Bibliography (http://www.arl.org/diversity/naacp.html) The Association of Research Libraries (ARL) and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) have collaborated to put together a comprehensive bibliography on the historic 1954 Supreme Court ruling Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka. The Supreme Court ruled unanimously that the doctrine of "separate but equal" was unconstitutional. The Civil Rights Era (http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart9.html) Here exhibits from historic archives explain how the black community experienced this postwar period with desegregation, legal victories, and protest marches. Greensboro Sit-Ins (http://www.sitins.com/index.shtml) Created by News & Record, and the Greensboro (North Carolina) Public Library, this web site provides a historical overview of the sit-ins that took place at F.W. Woolworth’s lunch counter by the “Greensboro Four” on February 1, 1960. At the time these African American freshmen attended the Negro Agricultural & Technical College in North Carolina on academic scholarship. One of their goals was to integrate Woolworth’s lunch counter. The site includes a timeline of events has they unfolded has well as a timeline of other important events in the Civil Rights movement. Almost 100 audio clips from those who took part in the sit-ins are linked within the site. It also provides photo and video clips with current online newspaper articles about the sit-ins. Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self-Development (http://www.rosaparks.org/) The official web site of the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self-Development. This organization was co-founded in 1987 by Rosa Parks and Elaine Eason Steele, in honor of Rosa Parks' husband Raymond Parks (1903-1977). In part, its mission is to motivate young people between the ages of 11-17, to reach their full potential. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (http://www.ibiblio.org/sncc/) This web site provides the user with a glimpse into the formation of the Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee (SNCC) over a six year period (1960-1966). The authors of the site provide information on important events that SNCC participated in during its early days. It also gives brief biographical information on the leadership of SNCC.

Civil Rights Movement, African American Women (http://www.library.cornell.edu/africana/guides/crmwomen.html)

Civil Rights Movement, African American Women

(http://www.library.cornell.edu/africana/guides/crmwomen.html)