Hip Hop Bibliography--Africana Library, Cornell University

Hip Hop Bibliography

(http://www.library.cornell.edu/africana/guides/hiphop.html)

Compiled by Christopher Harris, Africana Graduate Student

Books | Articles | Theses/Dissertations

Books:

Bogdanov, Vladamir. All Music Guide to Hip Hop: The Definitive Guide to Rap & Hip Hop. San Francisco, CA: Backbeat Books, 2003.

Boyd, Herb. Race and Resistance: African Americans in the 21st Century. Cambridge, Mass: South End Press, 2002.

Capitol D. Fresh Air: Hip Hop Lit and Lyrics. Chicago: Writer’s Bloc., 1998.

Chuck D. Fight the Power: Rap, Race, and Reality. New York, NY: Delacorte Press, 1997.

Conyers, James L. African American Jazz and Rap: Social and Philosophical Examinations of Black Expressive Behavior. Jefferson, N.C.: Mcfarland, 2001.

Devaney, Micaela. The Poetry of the Streets. Norton, MA: Wheaton College, 2002.

Dyson, Michael Eric. Between God and Gangsta Rap: Bearing Witness to Black Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

_____. Holler If You Hear Me: Searching For Tupac Shakur. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2001.

Eure, Joseph D. Nation Conscious Rap. New York: PC International Press, 1991.

Fernando, S.H. The New Beats: Exploring the Music, Culture, and Attitudes of Hip Hop. New York: Anchor Books Doubleday, 1994.

Flanders, Julian. From Rock and Pop to Hip Hop. London: Brown Partworks, 2001.

Flores, Juan. From Bomba to Hip Hop: Puerto Rican Culture and Latino Identity. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000.

Forman, Murray. The ‘Hood Comes First: Race, Space, and Place in Rap and Hip Hop. Middletown, Conn: Wesleyan University Press, 2002.

Fricke, Jim. Yes Yes Y’all: the Experience Music Project Oral History of Hip Hop’s First Decade. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2002.

George, Nelson. Hip Hop America. New York: Viking, 1998.

Hager, Steven. Hip Hop: The Illustrated History of Break Dancing, Rap Music, and Graffiti. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1984.

Haskins, Jim. The Story of Hip Hop. London: Penguin, 2000.

Heard, Gladys C. Empowering the Hip Hop Nation: The Arts and Social Justice. Norfolk, VA: Department of English and Foreign Languages, Norfolk State University, 2000.

Hinds, Selwyn Seyfu. Gunshots in My Cook-up: Bits and Bites from a Hip Hop Caribbean Life. New York: Atria Books, 2002.

Jackson, Robert. The Last Black Mecca: A Black Cultural Awareness Phenomena and Its Impact on the African American Community. Chicago, IL: Research Associates, 1994.

Kelley, Norman. R & B, Rhythm and Business: the Political Economy of Black Music. New York: Akashic, 2002.

Kitwana, Bakari. The Rap on Gangsta Rap: Who Run It?: Gangsta Rap and Visions of Black Violence. Chicago: Third World Press, 1994.

______. The Hip Hop Generation: Young Blacks and the Crisis in African American Culture. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2002.

Kleinfeld, N.R. Guarding the Borders of the Hip Hop Nation in the “Hood” and in the Burbz, White Money Feeds Rap: True Believers Fear Selling out. New York: New York Times, 2000.

KRS-ONE. Ruminations. New York: Welcome Rain Publishers, 2003.

Lornell, Kip. The Beat: Go-Go’s Fusion of Funk and Hip Hop. New York: Billboard, 2001.

Maxwell, Ian. Phat Beats, Dope Rhymes: Hip Hop Down Under Comin’ Upper. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 2003.

Mazur, Eric Michael. God in the Details: American Religion in Popular Culture. New York: Routledge, 2001.

McCarthy, Cameron. Sound Identities: Popular Music and the Cultural Politics of Education. New York: Peter Lang, 1999.

Melling, Phillip H. Americanisation and the Transformation of World Cultures: Melting Pot or Cultural Chernobyl?. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, 1996.

Mitchell, Tony. Global Noise: Rap and Hip Hop Outside the USA. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 2001.

Nelson, Havelock. Bring the Noise: A Guide to Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture. New York: Harmony Books, 1988.

Ogg, Alex. The Hip Hop Years: A History of Rap. New York: Fromm International, 1999.

Paniccioli, Ernie. Who Shot Ya?: Three Decades of Hip Hop Photography. New York: Amistad, . 2002.

Perkins, William Eric. Droppin’ Science: Critical Essays on Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996.

Pinn, Anthony B. Noise and Spirit: The Religious and Spiritual Sensibilities of Rap Music. New York: New York University Press, 2003.

Potter, Russell A. Spectacular Vernaculars: Hip Hop and the Politics of Postmodernism. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995.

Ranck, John. Classified Hip Hop, or, I Wanna Blow Up Like Marilyn Monroe’s Skirt. Boston, Mass.: Simmons College Music Librarianship, Simmons College, 1999.

Rivera, Raquel Z. New York Ricans From the Hip Hop Zone. New York, N.Y.:Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

Ro, Ronin. Gangsta: Merchandizing the Rhymes of Violence. New York: St Martin’s Press, 1996.

_____. Bad Boy: the Influence of Sean “Puffy” Combs on the Music Industry. New York: Pocket Books, 2001.

Rose, Tricia. Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press: Published by University Press of New England, 1994.

Ross, Andrew. Microphone Fiends: Youth Music & Youth Culture. New York: Routledge, 1994.

Sexton, Adam. Rap on Rap: Straight Up Talk on Hip Hop Culture. New York: Delta, 1995.

Shabazz, David L. Public Enemy #1. Clinton, S.C.: Awesome Records, 1999.

Shabazz, Julian L. The United States of America vs. Hip Hop. Hampton, VA: United Brothers Pub. Co., 1992.

Shapiro, Peter. The Rough Guide to Hip Hop. London: Rough Guides, 2001.

Shaw, William. Westside: the Coast to Coast Explosion in Hip Hop. New York, NY: Cooper Square Press, 2000.

Shomari, Hashim A. From the Underground: Hip Hop Culture as an Agent of Social Change. Fanwood, NJ: X-Factor Publications, 1995.

Spady, James G. Street Conscious Rap. Philadelphia, PA: Black History Museum Umum/Loh Pub, 1999.

Spencer, Jon Michael. The Emergency of Black and the Emergence of Rap. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1991.

Stavsky, Lois. A to Z: the Book of Rap and Hip Hop Slang. New York: Boulevard Books, 1995.

Toop, David. The Rap Attack: African Jive to New York Hip Hop. Boston: South End Press, 1984.

_____. Rap Attack 2: African Rap to Global Hip Hop. London: Serpent’s Tail, 1991.

_____. Rap Attack 3: African Rap to Global Hip Hop. London: Serpent’s Tail, 2000.

Articles:

Alim, H Samy. “Street-conscious copula variation in the hip-hop nation.” American Speech. volume 22, issue. 3 (Fall 2002): 288-304.

Baker Jr., Houston A. “Handling ‘Crisis’: Great Books, Rap Music, and the End of Western Homogeneity. (Reflections on the Humanities in America).” Callaloo. volume 13, no. 2 (Spring 1990): 173-194.

Bartlett, Andrew. 1994. “Airshafts, loudspeakers, and the hip hop sample: Contexts and African American musical aesthetics.” African American Review. volume 28, issue 4 (Winter 1994): 639-652.

Basu, Dipannita. “Bootstrap capitalism and the culture industries: A critique of invidious comparisons in the study of ethnic entrepreneurship.” Ethnic And Racial Studies. volume. 24, issue. 2 (March 2001): 236-262.

Baldwin, Davarian L. “Black Empires, White Desires: The Spatial Politics of Identity in the Age of Hip Hop.” BlackRenaissance/Renaissance Noire. volume 2, no. 2 (July 1999): 138-159.

Bennett, Andy. “Hip hop am Main: The localization of rap music and hip hop Culture”. Media, Culture, & Society. volume 21, issue. 1 (January 1999): 77-91.

Binder, Amy. “Constructing Racial Rhetoric: Media Depictions of Harm in Heavy Metal and Rap Music.” American Sociological Review. volume 58, no. 6 (December 1993): 753-767.

Chronopoulos, Themis. “Representing: Hip Hop culture and the Production of Black Cinema.” Journal Of American & Comparative Literature. volume 23, issue. 2 (Summer 2000): 99-100.

Decker, Jeffrey Louis. “The State of Rap: Time and Place in Hip Hop Nationalism.” Social Text. no. 34 (1993): 53-84.

Dimitriadis, Greg. “Hip hop: From live performance to mediated narrative.” Popular Music. volume 15, issue 2 (May 1996): 179.

Evelyn, Jamilah. “To the Academy With Love, From a Hip Hop Fan.” Black Issues in Higher Education. volume 17, no. 21 (December 2000): 6.

Ferrell, Jeff. “Freight train graffiti: Subculture, crime, dislocation. Justice Quarterly.” Highland Heights. volume 15, issue 4 (December 1998): 587-608.

Forman, Murray. “‘Represent’: Race, space, and place in rap music.” Popular Music. volume 19, issue 1 (January 2000): 65-90.

Gause, Charles Phillip. “Performing Identity/Performing Culture: Hip Hop as Text, Pedagogy, and Lived Practice.” Urban Education. volume. 38, issue 1 (January 2003): 134-140.

Gillard, James. “Jazz is Hip Hop.” Black Renaissance/Renaissance Noire. volume 4, no. 2/3 (Oct 2002): 110.

Gladney, Marvin J. “The Black Arts Movement and Hip-Hop.” African American Review. volume 29, no. 2 (Summer 1995): 291-301.

Hamilton, Marybeth. “Review article: The lure of black style.” Journal of Contemporary History. volume 34, issue 4 (October 1999) 641-651.

Henderson, Errol A. “Black Nationalism and Rap Music.” Journal of Black Studies. volume 26, no. 3 (January 1996). 308-339.

Hutchinson, Janis Faye. “The hip hop generation African American male-female relationships in a nightclub setting.” Journal of Black Studies. volume 30, issue 1 (September 1999) 62-84.

Iwamato, Derek. “Tupac Shakur: Understanding the identity formation of hyper-masculinity of a popular hip-hop artist.” The Black Scholar. volume 33, issue 2 (Summer 2003): 44-49.

Lott, Eric. “Raising Cain: Blackface Performance from Jim Crow to Hip Hop.” American Literature. Durham: volume 74, issue 1 (March 2002): 146-147.

Maxwell, Ian. “Hip hop aesthetics and the will to culture.” The Australian Journal of Anthropology volume 8, issue 1 (1997):

Middleton, Jason. “The racial politics of hybridity and ‘neo-eclecticism’ in contemporary popular music.” Popular Music. Cambridge: volume 21, issue 2 (May 2002): 159.

Morgan, Joan. “Fly-Girls, Bitches, and Hoes: Notes of a Hip Hop Feminist.” Social Text. no. 45 (Winter 1995.): 151-157.

Ogbar, Jeffrey. “Slouching toward Bork: The Culture Wars and Self-Criticism in Hip Hop Music.” Journal of Black Studies. volume 30, no. 2 (Nov 1999): 164-183.

Osumare, Halifu. “Beat streets in the global hood: Connective marginalities of the hip hop globe.” Journal of American & Comparative Cultures. volume 24, issue ½ (Spring 2001): 171-181.

Ramsey Jr., Gutherie P. “Muzing new hoods, making new identities: Film, hip-hop culture, and jazz music.” Callaloo. volume 25, issue 1 (Winter 2002): 309-320.

Rose, Tricia. “’Fear of a Black Planet’: Rap Music and Black Cultural Politics in the 1990s.” The Journal of Negro Education. volume 60, no. 3 (Summer 1991. ): 276-290.

Sacks, Howard L. “Turning about Jim Crow.” American Quarterly. volume 51, issue 1 (March 1999): 187-194.

Shusterman, Richard. “The Fine Art of Rap.” New Literary History. volume 22, issue 3 (Summer 1991): 613.

Smitherman, Geneva. “’The chain remain the same’: Communicative practices in the hip hop nation.” Journal of Black Studies. volume 28, issue 1 (Sep 1997): 3-25.

Sorensen, Janet. “Showrom Sample: The Visual Politics of Hip Hop.” Afterimage. volume 21, issue 10 (May 1994): 11.

Stewart, Jacqueline. “Representing.” Film Quarterly. volume 54, issue 1 (Fall 2000): 57-60.

Strand, Ginger. “Jails, Hospitals, & Hip Hop.” Theatre Journal. volume 50, issue. 4 (December 1998): 523-525.

Tullis, Paul. “The rap on the source.” Columbia Journalism Review. volume 33, issue 5 (January 1995): 15-16.

Watkins, Craig L. “A style that nobody can deal with…Notes from the Doo Bop Hip Hop Inn.” The International Review Of African American Art. volume 13, issue 1 (1996): 22.

Theses/Dissertations:

Babb, Tracie. The Treatment Of Women In The Hip Hop Community: Past, Present, And Future. M.A., Thesis, Fordham University, 2002.

Balde, Alpha Alimou. The Art Of Words: Freestyling In African-American Musical Culture. M.A., Thesis, UCLA, 1999.

Bocchino, Daniel. “You Must Learn”: Using Rap And Hip Hop Culture As An Effective Teaching Tool In The Writing Classroom, M. A., Thesis, Montclair State University, 2003.

Cheney, Charise L. Phallic/Ies And Hi(S)Tories: Masculinity And The Black Nationalist Tradition, From Slave Spirituals To Rap Music. Ph. D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1999.

Childs, Dennis Ray. Signifying Badmen: The Outlaw Poetics Of Nas, Goodie Mob, And The Coup. M.A., University of California, Los Angeles, 1998.

Demers, Joanna Teresa. Sampling As Lineage In Hip Hop. Ph. D., Princeton University, 2002.

Evans, Kirk N. Does Rap Music Cause Violence?. M.A., University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 1997.

Junior, Nicole Shawan. The Politics of Hip Hop: An Exploration of Black Urban Vernacular in Rap Music. M.A., University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 1997.

Lewis, Autumn B. Media Representation of Rap Music: the Vilification of Hip Hop Culture. M.A., Georgetown University, 2003.

Mack, Burton Leroy. Hip Hop Hermeneutics: A Tool To Help The Black Church Recapture African American Youth. D. Min., Wesley Theological Seminary, 2002.

McIntosh, Andrew. People’s Instinctive Travels Upon The Crossroads of Lack and Desire. M.S., Lehigh University, 1999.

Miller, Allison E. Hip Hop In The 1990’s: By Any Means Necessary. M.A., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1990.

Norfleet, Dawn Michaelle. “Hip Hop Culture” In New York City: The Role of Verbal Music Performance In Defining a Community. Ph. D., Columbia University, 1997.

Rainier, Rebecca. Hip Hop Parodies: Tradition And Technique In 3 Contemporary Song Pairs. B.A., University of Southern Mississippi, 2000.

Rose-Robinson, Sia. A Qualitative Analysis Of Hardcore And Gangsta Rap Lyrics: 1985-1995. Ph. D., Howard University, 1999.

Rundlet, Travis Desmond. The Crisis of Black Neo-Nationalism: Hip Hop, MTV, and Black Cultural Representation. B.A., Williams College, Dept. of American Studies, 1992.

Schloss, Joseph G. Follow Me Into a Solo: African American Improvisation, Freestyle Rap, and The Temporary Autonomous Zone. M. A., University of Washington, 1995.

Smith, Jason K. Counter-hegemonic masculinity in hip hop music: an analysis of The Roots’ construction of masculinity in their music and in the media culture. M.A., University of Hartford, 2002.

Walker, Tshombe R. The Hip Hop Worldview: An Afrocentric Analysis. Ph. D., Temple University, 1998

White, Miles. The High Fidelity Turntable System And The Creation Of Hip Hop Music: An Organological Study. M.A., University of Washington, 1996.

Williams, Derrick L. KRS-One and Edutainment: An Investigation of Hip Hop as a Pedagogical Tool. M.A., University of Northern Iowa, 2003.


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		Print This Page Hip Hop Bibliography (http://www.library.cornell.edu/africana/guides/hiphop.html) Compiled by Christopher Harris, Africana Graduate Student Books \| Articles \| Theses/Dissertations Books: Bogdanov, Vladamir. All Music Guide to Hip Hop: The Definitive Guide to Rap & Hip Hop. San Francisco, CA: Backbeat Books, 2003. Boyd, Herb. Race and Resistance: African Americans in the 21st Century. Cambridge, Mass: South End Press, 2002. Capitol D. Fresh Air: Hip Hop Lit and Lyrics. Chicago: Writer’s Bloc., 1998. Chuck D. Fight the Power: Rap, Race, and Reality. New York, NY: Delacorte Press, 1997. Conyers, James L. African American Jazz and Rap: Social and Philosophical Examinations of Black Expressive Behavior. Jefferson, N.C.: Mcfarland, 2001. Devaney, Micaela. The Poetry of the Streets. Norton, MA: Wheaton College, 2002. Dyson, Michael Eric. Between God and Gangsta Rap: Bearing Witness to Black Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. _____. Holler If You Hear Me: Searching For Tupac Shakur. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2001. Eure, Joseph D. Nation Conscious Rap. New York: PC International Press, 1991. Fernando, S.H. The New Beats: Exploring the Music, Culture, and Attitudes of Hip Hop. New York: Anchor Books Doubleday, 1994. Flanders, Julian. From Rock and Pop to Hip Hop. London: Brown Partworks, 2001. Flores, Juan. From Bomba to Hip Hop: Puerto Rican Culture and Latino Identity. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. Forman, Murray. The ‘Hood Comes First: Race, Space, and Place in Rap and Hip Hop. Middletown, Conn: Wesleyan University Press, 2002. Fricke, Jim. Yes Yes Y’all: the Experience Music Project Oral History of Hip Hop’s First Decade. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2002. George, Nelson. Hip Hop America. New York: Viking, 1998. Hager, Steven. Hip Hop: The Illustrated History of Break Dancing, Rap Music, and Graffiti. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1984. Haskins, Jim. The Story of Hip Hop. London: Penguin, 2000. Heard, Gladys C. Empowering the Hip Hop Nation: The Arts and Social Justice. Norfolk, VA: Department of English and Foreign Languages, Norfolk State University, 2000. Hinds, Selwyn Seyfu. Gunshots in My Cook-up: Bits and Bites from a Hip Hop Caribbean Life. New York: Atria Books, 2002. Jackson, Robert. The Last Black Mecca: A Black Cultural Awareness Phenomena and Its Impact on the African American Community. Chicago, IL: Research Associates, 1994. Kelley, Norman. R & B, Rhythm and Business: the Political Economy of Black Music. New York: Akashic, 2002. Kitwana, Bakari. The Rap on Gangsta Rap: Who Run It?: Gangsta Rap and Visions of Black Violence. Chicago: Third World Press, 1994. ______. The Hip Hop Generation: Young Blacks and the Crisis in African American Culture. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2002. Kleinfeld, N.R. Guarding the Borders of the Hip Hop Nation in the “Hood” and in the Burbz, White Money Feeds Rap: True Believers Fear Selling out. New York: New York Times, 2000. KRS-ONE. Ruminations. New York: Welcome Rain Publishers, 2003. Lornell, Kip. The Beat: Go-Go’s Fusion of Funk and Hip Hop. New York: Billboard, 2001. Maxwell, Ian. Phat Beats, Dope Rhymes: Hip Hop Down Under Comin’ Upper. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 2003. Mazur, Eric Michael. God in the Details: American Religion in Popular Culture. New York: Routledge, 2001. McCarthy, Cameron. Sound Identities: Popular Music and the Cultural Politics of Education. New York: Peter Lang, 1999. Melling, Phillip H. Americanisation and the Transformation of World Cultures: Melting Pot or Cultural Chernobyl?. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, 1996. Mitchell, Tony. Global Noise: Rap and Hip Hop Outside the USA. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 2001. Nelson, Havelock. Bring the Noise: A Guide to Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture. New York: Harmony Books, 1988. Ogg, Alex. The Hip Hop Years: A History of Rap. New York: Fromm International, 1999. Paniccioli, Ernie. Who Shot Ya?: Three Decades of Hip Hop Photography. New York: Amistad, . 2002. Perkins, William Eric. Droppin’ Science: Critical Essays on Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996. Pinn, Anthony B. Noise and Spirit: The Religious and Spiritual Sensibilities of Rap Music. New York: New York University Press, 2003. Potter, Russell A. Spectacular Vernaculars: Hip Hop and the Politics of Postmodernism. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995. Ranck, John. Classified Hip Hop, or, I Wanna Blow Up Like Marilyn Monroe’s Skirt. Boston, Mass.: Simmons College Music Librarianship, Simmons College, 1999. Rivera, Raquel Z. New York Ricans From the Hip Hop Zone. New York, N.Y.:Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Ro, Ronin. Gangsta: Merchandizing the Rhymes of Violence. New York: St Martin’s Press, 1996. _____. Bad Boy: the Influence of Sean “Puffy” Combs on the Music Industry. New York: Pocket Books, 2001. Rose, Tricia. Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press: Published by University Press of New England, 1994. Ross, Andrew. Microphone Fiends: Youth Music & Youth Culture. New York: Routledge, 1994. Sexton, Adam. Rap on Rap: Straight Up Talk on Hip Hop Culture. New York: Delta, 1995. Shabazz, David L. Public Enemy #1. Clinton, S.C.: Awesome Records, 1999. Shabazz, Julian L. The United States of America vs. Hip Hop. Hampton, VA: United Brothers Pub. Co., 1992. Shapiro, Peter. The Rough Guide to Hip Hop. London: Rough Guides, 2001. Shaw, William. Westside: the Coast to Coast Explosion in Hip Hop. New York, NY: Cooper Square Press, 2000. Shomari, Hashim A. From the Underground: Hip Hop Culture as an Agent of Social Change. Fanwood, NJ: X-Factor Publications, 1995. Spady, James G. Street Conscious Rap. Philadelphia, PA: Black History Museum Umum/Loh Pub, 1999. Spencer, Jon Michael. The Emergency of Black and the Emergence of Rap. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1991. Stavsky, Lois. A to Z: the Book of Rap and Hip Hop Slang. New York: Boulevard Books, 1995. Toop, David. The Rap Attack: African Jive to New York Hip Hop. Boston: South End Press, 1984. _____. Rap Attack 2: African Rap to Global Hip Hop. London: Serpent’s Tail, 1991. _____. Rap Attack 3: African Rap to Global Hip Hop. London: Serpent’s Tail, 2000. Articles: Alim, H Samy. “Street-conscious copula variation in the hip-hop nation.” American Speech. volume 22, issue. 3 (Fall 2002): 288-304. Baker Jr., Houston A. “Handling ‘Crisis’: Great Books, Rap Music, and the End of Western Homogeneity. (Reflections on the Humanities in America).” Callaloo. volume 13, no. 2 (Spring 1990): 173-194. Bartlett, Andrew. 1994. “Airshafts, loudspeakers, and the hip hop sample: Contexts and African American musical aesthetics.” African American Review. volume 28, issue 4 (Winter 1994): 639-652. Basu, Dipannita. “Bootstrap capitalism and the culture industries: A critique of invidious comparisons in the study of ethnic entrepreneurship.” Ethnic And Racial Studies. volume. 24, issue. 2 (March 2001): 236-262. Baldwin, Davarian L. “Black Empires, White Desires: The Spatial Politics of Identity in the Age of Hip Hop.” BlackRenaissance/Renaissance Noire. volume 2, no. 2 (July 1999): 138-159. Bennett, Andy. “Hip hop am Main: The localization of rap music and hip hop Culture”. Media, Culture, & Society. volume 21, issue. 1 (January 1999): 77-91. Binder, Amy. “Constructing Racial Rhetoric: Media Depictions of Harm in Heavy Metal and Rap Music.” American Sociological Review. volume 58, no. 6 (December 1993): 753-767. Chronopoulos, Themis. “Representing: Hip Hop culture and the Production of Black Cinema.” Journal Of American & Comparative Literature. volume 23, issue. 2 (Summer 2000): 99-100. Decker, Jeffrey Louis. “The State of Rap: Time and Place in Hip Hop Nationalism.” Social Text. no. 34 (1993): 53-84. Dimitriadis, Greg. “Hip hop: From live performance to mediated narrative.” Popular Music. volume 15, issue 2 (May 1996): 179. Evelyn, Jamilah. “To the Academy With Love, From a Hip Hop Fan.” Black Issues in Higher Education. volume 17, no. 21 (December 2000): 6. Ferrell, Jeff. “Freight train graffiti: Subculture, crime, dislocation. Justice Quarterly.” Highland Heights. volume 15, issue 4 (December 1998): 587-608. Forman, Murray. “‘Represent’: Race, space, and place in rap music.” Popular Music. volume 19, issue 1 (January 2000): 65-90. Gause, Charles Phillip. “Performing Identity/Performing Culture: Hip Hop as Text, Pedagogy, and Lived Practice.” Urban Education. volume. 38, issue 1 (January 2003): 134-140. Gillard, James. “Jazz is Hip Hop.” Black Renaissance/Renaissance Noire. volume 4, no. 2/3 (Oct 2002): 110. Gladney, Marvin J. “The Black Arts Movement and Hip-Hop.” African American Review. volume 29, no. 2 (Summer 1995): 291-301. Hamilton, Marybeth. “Review article: The lure of black style.” Journal of Contemporary History. volume 34, issue 4 (October 1999) 641-651. Henderson, Errol A. “Black Nationalism and Rap Music.” Journal of Black Studies. volume 26, no. 3 (January 1996). 308-339. Hutchinson, Janis Faye. “The hip hop generation African American male-female relationships in a nightclub setting.” Journal of Black Studies. volume 30, issue 1 (September 1999) 62-84. Iwamato, Derek. “Tupac Shakur: Understanding the identity formation of hyper-masculinity of a popular hip-hop artist.” The Black Scholar. volume 33, issue 2 (Summer 2003): 44-49. Lott, Eric. “Raising Cain: Blackface Performance from Jim Crow to Hip Hop.” American Literature. Durham: volume 74, issue 1 (March 2002): 146-147. Maxwell, Ian. “Hip hop aesthetics and the will to culture.” The Australian Journal of Anthropology volume 8, issue 1 (1997): Middleton, Jason. “The racial politics of hybridity and ‘neo-eclecticism’ in contemporary popular music.” Popular Music. Cambridge: volume 21, issue 2 (May 2002): 159. Morgan, Joan. “Fly-Girls, Bitches, and Hoes: Notes of a Hip Hop Feminist.” Social Text. no. 45 (Winter 1995.): 151-157. Ogbar, Jeffrey. “Slouching toward Bork: The Culture Wars and Self-Criticism in Hip Hop Music.” Journal of Black Studies. volume 30, no. 2 (Nov 1999): 164-183. Osumare, Halifu. “Beat streets in the global hood: Connective marginalities of the hip hop globe.” Journal of American & Comparative Cultures. volume 24, issue ½ (Spring 2001): 171-181. Ramsey Jr., Gutherie P. “Muzing new hoods, making new identities: Film, hip-hop culture, and jazz music.” Callaloo. volume 25, issue 1 (Winter 2002): 309-320. Rose, Tricia. “’Fear of a Black Planet’: Rap Music and Black Cultural Politics in the 1990s.” The Journal of Negro Education. volume 60, no. 3 (Summer 1991. ): 276-290. Sacks, Howard L. “Turning about Jim Crow.” American Quarterly. volume 51, issue 1 (March 1999): 187-194. Shusterman, Richard. “The Fine Art of Rap.” New Literary History. volume 22, issue 3 (Summer 1991): 613. Smitherman, Geneva. “’The chain remain the same’: Communicative practices in the hip hop nation.” Journal of Black Studies. volume 28, issue 1 (Sep 1997): 3-25. Sorensen, Janet. “Showrom Sample: The Visual Politics of Hip Hop.” Afterimage. volume 21, issue 10 (May 1994): 11. Stewart, Jacqueline. “Representing.” Film Quarterly. volume 54, issue 1 (Fall 2000): 57-60. Strand, Ginger. “Jails, Hospitals, & Hip Hop.” Theatre Journal. volume 50, issue. 4 (December 1998): 523-525. Tullis, Paul. “The rap on the source.” Columbia Journalism Review. volume 33, issue 5 (January 1995): 15-16. Watkins, Craig L. “A style that nobody can deal with…Notes from the Doo Bop Hip Hop Inn.” The International Review Of African American Art. volume 13, issue 1 (1996): 22. Theses/Dissertations: Babb, Tracie. The Treatment Of Women In The Hip Hop Community: Past, Present, And Future. M.A., Thesis, Fordham University, 2002. Balde, Alpha Alimou. The Art Of Words: Freestyling In African-American Musical Culture. M.A., Thesis, UCLA, 1999. Bocchino, Daniel. “You Must Learn”: Using Rap And Hip Hop Culture As An Effective Teaching Tool In The Writing Classroom, M. A., Thesis, Montclair State University, 2003. Cheney, Charise L. Phallic/Ies And Hi(S)Tories: Masculinity And The Black Nationalist Tradition, From Slave Spirituals To Rap Music. Ph. D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1999. Childs, Dennis Ray. Signifying Badmen: The Outlaw Poetics Of Nas, Goodie Mob, And The Coup. M.A., University of California, Los Angeles, 1998. Demers, Joanna Teresa. Sampling As Lineage In Hip Hop. Ph. D., Princeton University, 2002. Evans, Kirk N. Does Rap Music Cause Violence?. M.A., University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 1997. Junior, Nicole Shawan. The Politics of Hip Hop: An Exploration of Black Urban Vernacular in Rap Music. M.A., University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 1997. Lewis, Autumn B. Media Representation of Rap Music: the Vilification of Hip Hop Culture. M.A., Georgetown University, 2003. Mack, Burton Leroy. Hip Hop Hermeneutics: A Tool To Help The Black Church Recapture African American Youth. D. Min., Wesley Theological Seminary, 2002. McIntosh, Andrew. People’s Instinctive Travels Upon The Crossroads of Lack and Desire. M.S., Lehigh University, 1999. Miller, Allison E. Hip Hop In The 1990’s: By Any Means Necessary. M.A., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1990. Norfleet, Dawn Michaelle. “Hip Hop Culture” In New York City: The Role of Verbal Music Performance In Defining a Community. Ph. D., Columbia University, 1997. Rainier, Rebecca. Hip Hop Parodies: Tradition And Technique In 3 Contemporary Song Pairs. B.A., University of Southern Mississippi, 2000. Rose-Robinson, Sia. A Qualitative Analysis Of Hardcore And Gangsta Rap Lyrics: 1985-1995. Ph. D., Howard University, 1999. Rundlet, Travis Desmond. The Crisis of Black Neo-Nationalism: Hip Hop, MTV, and Black Cultural Representation. B.A., Williams College, Dept. of American Studies, 1992. Schloss, Joseph G. Follow Me Into a Solo: African American Improvisation, Freestyle Rap, and The Temporary Autonomous Zone. M. A., University of Washington, 1995. Smith, Jason K. Counter-hegemonic masculinity in hip hop music: an analysis of The Roots’ construction of masculinity in their music and in the media culture. M.A., University of Hartford, 2002. Walker, Tshombe R. The Hip Hop Worldview: An Afrocentric Analysis. Ph. D., Temple University, 1998 White, Miles. The High Fidelity Turntable System And The Creation Of Hip Hop Music: An Organological Study. 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